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This clock does not contain any integrated circuits and is designed by myself. All parts are common and easily obtainable. Also older parts pulled from old devices can find their place here if they are OK.

This construction is intended for medium-advanced electronics enthusiasts who already know how to solder, and can identify parts, their parameters and polarity.

The clock will surely draw attention of your visitors and will be a nice accessory of the room.

Parameters

• Digital and binary time representation
• 24-hour time format, blinking double dots (colons)
• 2 push buttons for time setup (hours and minutes)
• Crystal resonator as time base
• Power supply: 5 V / 500 mA max.
• 596 diodes and 221 transistors
• PCB dimensions: 50 x 37 cm (V1) or 48.5 x 37 cm (V3) - height x width

Interactive part list is in file BOM.html and as a picture in Top.png. All files are available for download at the bottom of this page.

Circuit description

Detailed description, including the schematic, is in the documentation for download. The following is a block schematic (click to enlarge):

The sections are named the same as on the PCB - they are also highlighted on the PCB for easier orientation.

The oscillator is driven by a watch crystal of frequency 32.768 kHz, its output is similar to sine wave, but with some offset and unsuitable peak-to-peak levels. For further processing, it must be converted into logic levels (square wave 0 - 5 V) and that is the job of the Buffer and Shaper sections.

Following flip-flops divide the 32.768 kHz by two as many times as needed in order to obtain a 1 Hz signal that is used to count seconds.

Divider by 10 counts seconds, divider by 6 counts tens of seconds. Flip-flop outputs are connected to LEDs for binary time representation, and also to decoders. The decoders determine which segments of the display will light up in which state of the flip-flops.

Same goes for the sections to count minutes, but with a little difference - the push button for setup of minutes. When the button is pressed, minutes are clocked by a 2 Hz signal, otherwise they are clocked from the output of tens of seconds divider.

The sections to count hours and tens of hours are interconnected in such a way that they count from 0 to 23. Again, there is a push button to set up the hours, that works the same way as for minutes.

Reset circuit is also present so that the clock starts from 00:00:00 and not some random state.

Dividers by 6, 10, and 24, are in fact sequential logic circuits formed from flip-flops and logic gates made only from transistors and diodes. The following pictures are from a program called Logisim - a simulator of logic circuits.

Divider by 10

Divider by 6

Divider by 24

The following are logic gates consisting of transistors and diodes:

Flip-flop

AND gate

OR gate - both types are used in this construction

All detailed information about the circuit, recommended order of steps to finish the construction, and various good advices, are in the documentation for download below.

The initial version of the PCB (V1) has two shortcomings - 1) missing protection resistors 150 R for the displays on PCB, that's why V1 PCBs are sold with SMD resistors already soldered, from the back side where possible, and 2) missing capacitors for push button debounce, which should be added, however, the clock will also work without them. Details for both are included in the documentation.

Because of huge effort needed to design this clock, the PCB design is not public (but the schematic is, as it is important to debug the circuit if there are problems). Fabrication of the PCB is not cheap at all due to its very large dimensions.

The PCB can be bought directly from me. Below are always accurrate information about available stock and prices. In case of bigger demand, more PCBs will be made of later PCB versions. Also, sets of (new) parts are available. Shipping is paid by consignee and depends on total weight of the package and carrier. At a minimum, the shipping fees need to be paid in advance (COD is also possible). Carrier is Slovak Post (a.k.a. snail mail) or Packeta. Shipping abroad is available as well. Local pickup is possible in Žilina, Slovakia. If you are interested, send me an e-mail, and we will arrange the details.

• PCB (V3 - black) - 120 € / pc - 2 pcs in stock
• PCB (V2 - green) - 100 € / pc - sold out
• PCB (V1 - green) with SMD resistors 150 R soldered - 90 € / pc - 3 pcs in stock
• Set of parts - 50 € / set - 5 sets in stock
• Completed and working with EU adapter - 300 €

The set of parts consists of the following:

• NPN transistors (208 pcs)
• PNP transistors (13 pcs)
• diodes 1N4148 (596 pcs)
• electrolytic capacitors 10 μF / 16 V (10 pcs)
• electrolytic capacitors 1000 μF / 16 V (2 pcs)
• ceramic capacitors 100 pF (105 pcs)
• ceramic capacitors 22 pF (2 pcs)
• ceramic capacitors 100 nF (12 pcs)
• ceramic capacitors 22 nF (2 pcs)
• ceramic capacitor 1 nF
• resistors 150 Ω (66 pcs) - only for V3 - V1 comes with resistors already soldered (SMD)
• resistors 1 kΩ (74 pcs)
• resistors 100 kΩ (144 pcs)
• resistors 10 kΩ (165 pcs)
• resistors 1 MΩ (2 pcs)
• resistor 10 MΩ
• resistor 470 kΩ
• crystal resonator 32.768 kHz
• display 38.1 mm (1.5 in) red 20 mcd (6 pcs)
• LED diodes 5 mm red 20 mcd (24 pcs)
• radial choke 120 μH or similar
• push buttons 6 mm for PCB (2 pcs)
• pin header 1x20, pin spacing 2,54 mm
• 2-lead PCB screw terminal block

Please buy directly from me if possible. E-bay, paypal, and other sites have high fees, because their nifty features come at a price. But for direct trade every cent gets to me, the author. Thank you.

Changelog (a.k.a. what's new)

Changes in version 3 (V3) compared to V2:

• black PCB instead of green
• re-routing of some traces to 3rd display
• slight move of 150 R resistors away from board edge
• reduced clearance of front copper area to 0.3 mm
• vertical distance of holes is larger by 0.2 mm

Changes in version 2 (V2) compared to V1:

• height of the PCB made smaller by 1.5 cm to not exceed maximum package dimensions when sending by certain carriers
• added protection resistors (150 Ω) for displays both into the schematic and the PCB
• added button debounce capacitors (22 nF) both into the schematic and the PCB
• added one mounting hole
• aligned mounting hole spacing to whole millimeters
• removed top GND layer in the oscillator section